Training Candidates and Doctors on Geology engineering and hydro geology specialty

Training Candidates and Doctors on Geology engineering and hydro geology specialty

The following Candidate and Doctoral dissertations are defended under scientific guidance and consultancy Prof. D.S. Usupaeva S.E.: 

1.Chaus Alexander Konstantinovich on the subject: Engineering and geocryological zoning of intermountain depressions, surrounding mountain systems of the Inner Tien Shan and optimization of exploration work, defended in 2002 by the candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences by specialty: 25.00.01 - General and Regional Geology . The dissertation research is devoted to study of permafrost engineering and geological conditions of the high mountain zone of the Inner Tien Shan.

Purpose. Study of the engineering and geocryological conditions of the highland zone of the Inner Tien Shan and the development of the basic principles of the engineering and geocryological zoning of the highlands, optimization of the engineering and geological survey methods in the study area.

The obtained results and their novelty: The main principles of engineering and geocryological zoning of high mountains, optimization of survey methods on the territory with a total area of ​​about 21 thousand km2 (Atbashinskaya, Arpinskaya, Chatyr-Kelskaya, Aksai intermountain depressions of the Inner Tien Shan) were developed. Compiled maps: a). distribution of permafrost soils (hereinafter MMP) (continuous, discontinuous and insular); b). MMP Power; c). MMP temperatures; d). Engineering and geocryological zoning of the southern part of the Inner Tien Shan (1: 500,000 scale). The technique of engineering-geocryological zoning and optimization of engineering-geological work has been developed in permafrost conditions for various design stages.

Recommendations. Maps of the engineering-geocryological zoning of the forecast are recommended for engineering surveys of the Atbashy, Arpinsky, Chatyr-Kul and Aksay depressions and the surrounding Inner Tien-Shan mountain systems.

2. Erokhin Sergey Alexandrovich on the topic: Monitoring the breakthrough danger of mountain lakes in Kyrgyzstan, defended to the candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences in 2012, specialty: 25.00.07 - Hydrogeology; 25.00.08 - Engineering geology, permafrost and soil science.

 The goal: to improve and enhance the capacity of the current system for monitoring the breakthrough hazards of mountain lakes to reduce disaster risks.

 The obtained results and their novelty: The thesis provides scientific rationale for improving the monitoring system of the breakthrough danger of mountain lakes to reduce the disaster risk. Characterized the specifics of glacial and moraine mountain lakes, the number about 3000, more than 300 of which are hazardous on varying degrees. Was given an original typification of mountain lakes, which allows differentiation of mountain lakes according to the danger degree. An assessing methodology has been developed for the lake's breakthrough hazard; the types of mechanisms for the breakthroughs of mountain lakes, for each of them have been proposed calculation formulas for determining the breakthrough flow. Was developed and put into operation-phased system of monitoring the breakthroughness of mountain lakes in Kyrgyzstan, and a set of tools for explosive mountain lakes was involved into practice. The method of calculating has been improved the zone of destruction of mountain valleys and foothill plains with breakthrough mudflow and flood streams. Have been developed the models of the depressurization mechanism of high-mountain lakes and design schemes for determining the flow rate of a breakthrough village-flood destructive flow. A series of survey, medium and large-scale engineering-geological maps of the typing of mountain lakes according to the degree of danger of their dams were compiled. Recommendations. Creation of a protection system of the population and territory of Kyrgyzstan from explosive mountain lakes and flood damage. 

3. Dudashvili Alexey Sergeevich on the topic: Regularities of changes in hydrogeological conditions and prediction of disaster risks from flooding in the Osh-Kara-Suu oasis, defended by a candidate of geological mineralogical sciences in 2013 in the specialty: 25.00.07 “Hydrogeology” 25.00.08 “Engineering geology, permafrost and soil science.  The aim of the work is to study the patterns of rise formation, groundwater level and the cartographic assessment of its impact on the formation of engineering-geological processes of flooding and georisks induced on the territory of the Osh-Kara-Suu oasis.
Obtained results and their novelty: The work revealed patterns of rise of groundwater level with a cartographic assessment of the process development dynamics of flooding of soils and georisks in an example Osh-Karasu oasis and based on the forecast of flooding processes taking into account natural and techno genic  factors.
Scientifically based on the integrated application of the method of the water balance equation with GIS cartographic modeling and established regional and local processes increase in natural water resources, which formed new techno genic deposits of groundwater. Compiled, electronic GIS series large-scale engineering-geonomic assessment maps, typing and forecasting georisks within the Osh-Kara-Suu oasis for the period 2013 and up to 2025, for the purposes of planning, engineering research and taking preventive protective measures.  Recommendations. Georisks forecast maps are recommended for engineering and geological studies of territorial development. 

4. Atykenova Elita Ermekovna on the topic: Engineering-geonomic method of risk assessment from hydrochemical anomalies and mining wastes (an example, Kyrgyzstan), defended to the candidate of geological mineralogical sciences in 2013 in the specialty: 25.00.07 - Hydrogeology; 25.00.08 - Engineering geology, permafrost and soil science. Purpose: a cartographic assessment of the complex effect of hydrogeochemical anomalies, natural loads of gamma radiation, and techno genic mining waste on the population and territory of Kyrgyzstan to develop measures on protection and reducing disaster risks.
The results and their novelty: A new geo-engineering geo-map has been developed. For the first time was developed and published the regulatory document “Single procedure for compiling the state waste cadaster in the Kyrgyz Republic territory”. Compiled with the participation of the author in profiling organizations, the State Cadaster of Mining Waste of the Kyrgyz Republic (tailings and dumps), containing 92 passports.
The State Cadaster of Mining Waste and the regulatory document on the rules of waste certification were introduced to the State Agency for Mineral Resources, the Department of Monitoring and Forecasting of Emergencies of the Ministry of Emergency of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Scope and recommendations: The monitoring system, warning and protection of the inhabitants of Kyrgyzstan and Trans boundary areas with the states of Central Asia from geological risks.  Recommendations on the recovery of artificial soils from waste materials with specified useful properties, coupled with the secondary extraction of components from industrial deposits, are aimed at preventing hazards and reducing disaster risks

5. Lagutin Evgeny Ivanovich on the topic: Regularities in the formation of underground runoff of the inland orogens of Central Asia defended by the Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences in 2015 by specialties: 25.00.07 - Hydrogeology; 25.00.08 - Engineering geology, permafrost and soil science. Purpose. Geo-hydrological assessment, typification, forecast of underground flow and georisks caused by them based on the development of a new scientific direction "Geohydrology".

The results and novelty: the thesis is devoted to geohydrological analysis, assessment, prediction and typification of underground runoff and georisks induced by them in the territory of the inland continents of Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan). The foundations of the new scientific direction "Geohydrology" are developed on the example of the inland continents of Central Asia. The position and role of underground runoff in the general zoning scheme of the underground hydrosphere (geohydrothermal, geohydrochemical, geohydrodnamic) is substantiated. The mechanism of natural underground flow formation was revealed in the inland orogens of Central Asia.

Geohydrodynamic systems of the underground hydrosphere are divided into three hydrodynamic zones: the upper is the active water exchange zone, the middle is the difficult water exchange, and the lower one is the stagnant water regime. The upper hydrodynamic zone of the underground hydrosphere is a set of basins of underground flow, separated by underground watersheds. A logical-mathematical model of geo-hydrological conditions for the formation of underground flow on the basis of finite-difference equations and a matrix form for presenting the results of the calculation of natural groundwater resources have been developed. A method for calculating the natural resources of groundwater with a given degree of security is proposed. New forecast maps were compiled: “Geohydrological typification and prediction of underground flow” and “Engineering-geonomic assessment and forecast of georisks” for the studied areas. For the first time, geohydrological stratification boundaries, geohydrodynamic systems and the corresponding basins of underground drainage identified in the hydrosphere of the inland orogens.
Scope and recommendations: Hydrogeology, engineering geology, geohydrology, problems of sustainable and environmentally safe water supply to the developing countries of Central Asia. 

6. Sharif Fayzulloevich Valiev on the topic “Geotechnical features of roof transformation in the lithosphere of mountainous countries (by the example of Tajikistan)” was defended in 2015 for the degree of Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences in the specialty 25.00.08 - “Engineering geology, permafrost and soil science”.

The aim of the work is the scientific substantiation and identification of patterns of engineering-geological and geonomic transformations of the lithosphere roof of mountainous countries on the example of Tajikistan.

The results and novelty: The features of the transformation of the lithosphere roof by natural neotectonic forces and engineering loads associated with the law of isostatic compensation of mountain masses on the example of Tajikistan’s territory are scientifically grounded. The lateral and vertical geons-models of georisks were built for the conditions of degrading glaciation in the territory of Tajikistan. The first map of geo-engineering geonomic typography was compiled for the territory of Tajikistan.

Scope and recommendations: engineering geology, soil science, catastrophe, prevention and reduction of risks from emergencies. The results of geotechnical engineering and geological engineering studies of georisks are intended for specialists in the prevention of natural, technogenic and environmental emergencies, and in the educational process, training engineers and masters in specialized departments.

7. Sharifov Gul Vakhobovich on the subject “Engineering geological typification of georisks in the territory of the city Dushanbe and its agglomeration” was defended in 2016 for the degree of Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences in the specialty 25.00.08 - “Engineering geology, permafrost and soil science”.

Objects of research: objects of soils of the Dushanbe and its agglomerations. The aim of the work is the development of integrated engineering methods: geological and geonomic typing and forecast of georisks to reduce losses and damages to the population of the metropolis of Dushanbe and its agglomeration.

Obtained results and novelty: Developed based on GIS integration of factors and conditions of infestation, a database of georisks developed in Dushanbe and its agglomeration. The lateral and vertical geon-models of typification and forecast of georisks were built for the metropolis of Dushanbe. Compiled the first engineering: geological and geonomic maps of typification and forecast of georisks for the Dushanbe and its agglomeration, taking into account the development of the megalopolis until 2025. The proposed typing serves as the basis for the following tasks: monitoring organization of engineering and geological conditions in the territory of Dushanbe and its agglomerations; making effective decisions in the design of the buildings foundations and structures; justification of the master plan for the Dushanbe and its agglomeration; evaluation of the technical and economic efficiency of investment projects and the development of engineering geological surveys in the study area of ​​the small mountain metropolis of Dushanbe. Scope and recommendations: The compiled engineering-geological and geonomic maps and models are intended for use in the urban planning and emergency services of the Tajikistan.

8. Edigenov Mikhail Bekkuzhievich on the topic: “Engineering mine geology and georisks in the fields of Northern Kazakhstan” was defended in 2017 for the degree of Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences in the specialty 25.00.08- Engineering geology, permafrost and soil science.

The purpose of the research is to solve problems of reducing impacts and managing georisks using the example of deposits in Northern Kazakhstan.

Research methods: engineering-mine-geological surveys, the creation of measuring networks, water-lowering drainage experiments, pumping mine waters and calculations of their reserves; cartographic, graph-analytical methods; methodologies for compiling a 12-dimensional IGN scale of the same-name maps and models with genetically interrelated categories of vulnerability — risk levels — hazard levels; modeling of the polygrain cycle; an integral way of transforming maps into a geon model of laws on the latitudinal and sub-longitudinal distribution of georisks for solving engineering-mine-geological problems of identification, typification and management of georisks.

The results and novelty. For the first time, based on systematization and updating of the geo-database, a new section “engineering-mine geology” has created in the discipline “engineering geology of mineral deposits”. A planetary IGN model was developed for the process of cycling the components of polygrims according to the mechanism of the drainage shell and mega structures of the central type transforming the lithosphere with georisks. A series of typological and prognostic IGN maps, 12-dimensional classification explications and IGN scales have compiled, maps have transformed into geo-models of georisks management. Obtained solutions of water-mine problems. A method has identified for improving the forecasting potential of georisks based on population growth / loss maps, where high growth rates heighten threats.

Scope and recommendations: mine hydrogeology, georisks management at different stages of development and mineral resources in northern Kazakhstan and in the field of similar mining facilities in Central Asia. Introduced into the system of engineering and mine-geological monitoring, typing and forecasting changes in the underground hydrosphere in the design institutes "Ural GIPRORUD" of the Russian Federation, Karaganda GIIZ, and «Kazakhstan GIPROTSVETMET".  

Scope and recommendations: mine hydrology, georisks management at different stages of development and mineral resources in northern Kazakhstan and in the field of similar mining facilities in Central Asia. Introduced in to the system of engineering and mine- geological monitoring, typing and forecasting changes in the underground hydrosphere in the design institutes “Ural GIPRORUD” of the Russian Federation, Karaganda GIIZ, and “Kazakhstan Giprotsvetmet”